Knowledge Hub

Using a machine-learning algorithm, MIT researchers have identified a powerful new antibiotic compound. In laboratory tests, the drug killed many of the world’s most problematic disease-causing bacteria, including some strains that are resistant to all known antibiotics. It also cleared infections in two different mouse models. The computer model, which can screen more than a hundred million chemical compounds in a matter of days, is designed to pick out potential antibiotics that kill bacteria using different mechanisms than those of existing drugs. “We wanted to develop a platform that would allow us to harness the power of artificial intelligence to usher in a new age of antibiotic drug discovery,” says James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT’s Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) and Department of Biological Engineering. “Our approach revealed this amazing molecule which is arguably one of the more powerful antibiotics that has...

The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. ’ A teacher has the power to transform souls and touch someone’s life in a positive way. It is one of the noblest of professions that deal with life-changing and destiny-altering powers. The teacher has the present as raw material on which she will finally carve and design the future … the children. It’s an ever evolving yet challenging and lifelong learning environment of which we are an integral part. Teaching is a chance to touch someone’s life in a positive way. Teachers are the pillars of society for they educate and mould the future citizens of a country. Teaching, like any other activity, emerges from ones inwardness. Motivating and exciting students is the key. Passion for teaching is innate. At the core of caring relationships are positive and high expectations that not only structure and guide behaviours, but also challenge students to perform what they believ...

A couple of weeks back I posted an answer to a question from a Twitter follower’s child, who asked “How Strong Is Space?” That was fun, so here’s another kid-question answered, this one from my own eight-year-old who goes by “The Pip” for Internet purposes. The other night, he asked “Why can’t atoms touch each other?” I’m not sure the exact reason why he asked this, but the phrasing suggests it’s related to the observation that there’s almost always some microscopic empty space between things that appear to be touching on a macroscopic scale. Possibly it’s even connected to the “Atoms are mostly empty space” idea that Ethan talked about recently. The short and simple version of the answer is that it’s not really correct to think of atoms as solid objects like little balls that can be forced into physical contact with one another. Most of the “size” of an atom is just the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus, and that’s not a solid thing— it will shift around in response to electri...

I greatly enjoyed David Kaiser’s How the Hippies Saved Physics (here’s my review from 2011), so when I ran across a mention of this new book with “Quantum” in the title, I immediately sought out a copy. This sort of thing is highly relevant to my interests. Kaiser is a professor at MIT with a joint appointment in both physics and history of science, and as you would expect this collection of essays splits time between those two fields. The book contains a handful of pieces relating to Kaiser’s work in physics, chiefly about a “cosmological” test of quantum physics, using light from distant quasars as a random number generator for a Bell’s Inequality test (I talked briefly about this idea in the context of football in 2015). There are also a larger number of pieces primarily about the historical and social context of physics, mostly in the mid-to-late 20th century. Almost all of these were previously published (I think there’s only one that doesn’t have a “A version of this previously.....

As someone who derives significant income from writing for money, I end up spending a fair bit of time reading writing advice. Not because I'm in need of tips, myself-- after many years of this, I've got a routine that mostly works for me. Rather, I'm looking for good advice to pass on to other people, because I get asked for advice on a regular basis, and I don't really have much of my own to offer. That's how I came to read this advice post from Alyx Dellamonica, making an analogy between figuring out how fiction works and trying to learn about cars from a junkyard. I like the junkyard analogy quite a bit, but along the way she makes a couple of passing mentions to physics that I absolutely hate. Here's the first: With the arts, you not a physics professor laying out a formula, some cut-and-dried procedure for which there is one satisfactory answer. You’re not showing someone how to paint the perfect yellow line down the middle of a strip of road, or fly an ai...