How to study Dark matter and Dark energy theoretically?

Since 1990, based on the Type Ia Supernova observations, it was established that our universe is dominant with some unknown quantities which generally referred to as Dark Matter and Dark Energy. The term dark has been used to represent the form of quantity which does not interact with light or mainly any known particles. Since, the unknown substance is electromagneticaly neutral, hence the unknown sector has been dubbed as a dark sector. The dark matter is referred to as a form of substance which is essential for structure formation and found to be pressureless. This form of matter can be considered as a gravitating system, which behaves as a dust matter. While the form of dark energy can exhibit a repulsive effect (opposite to the gravitational force), that can generate negative pressure, making universe to grow bigger and bigger with an acceleration. It has been found that the major constituents of our universe is dark energy which is 70%, then dark matter 26% and then rest of the matter from which all the galaxies and visible structures are made of.

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Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime - Complete Information

Introduction to Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime Prerequisites, Timetable, Outline, Literature, and more ... Summary and Overview The main aim of this course is to explain what are (some of) the obstacles that one faces when trying to generalise the standard formalism and procedures of Minkowski space Poincare-covariant QFT to curved spacetimes, and to illustrate the new phenomena that one encounters by some typical and important examples: particle creation by time-dependent gravitational fields, the Unruh effect, and (some elementary aspects of) Hawking black hole radiation and black hole thermodynamics. Many of the key-issues can already be understood in a purely quantum-mechanical context by studying the Heisenberg picture quantisation of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator, so I will spend some time to discuss the issue of quantisation ambiguities, Bogoliubov transformations, mode creation etc., in this setting. When moving on to field theory, we will consider the simplest...

IST CHAPTER UNITS & DIMENSION ANALYSICS

UNITS- Q uestion you need ton first understand the meaning of science. Science means MEASUREMENTS. In every field of science we do measurements, science only cares about measuring things. That means the things have to be observable. That’s why in science we don’t take care about FEELINGS. Because we can’t measure feelings. Now as we measure something, we need to represent it in some notation to identify or distinguish between quantities. Because whatever we measure it’s just number, if I say you the speed is 5. What info can you tell about 5, it’s just a number, it nothing tells you about anything related to speed. So you need to specify specific quantities to extract info. Actually speed refers to unit distance travel in unit seconds. So the unit distance can be shown in centimeters, meters, and kilometers. Generally we show distances in meters because it acceptable internationally and it is general notation we use in physics. So the (SI) unit of speed is meters per second. So, yo...

Scattering In Quantum Mechanics

Scattering Amplitude Spinless Particle we are dealing with quantum description of scattering. Elastic Scattering $ \rightarrow $ between two spinless, non-relativistic particles of masses m1 and m2. During the scattering process, the particles interact with one another. If the interaction is time independent, we can describe the two-particle system with stationary states. \begin{equation}\Psi\left(\vec{r}_{1}, \vec{r}_{2}, t\right)=\psi\left(\vec{r}_{1}, \vec{r}_{2}\right) e^{-i E_{T} t / n}\end{equation} $ E_T $ is total energy. \begin{equation}\left[-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2 m_{1}} \vec{\nabla}_{1}^{2}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2 m_{2}} \vec{\nabla}_{2}^{2}+\hat{V}\left(\vec{r}_{1}, \vec{r}_{2}\right)\right] \psi\left(\vec{r}_{1}, \vec{r}_{2}\right)=E_{T} \psi\left(\vec{r}_{1}, \vec{r}_{2}\right) \end{equation} defining $ ...

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